Pizza evolved into a variety of bread and tomato dish often served with cheese. The latter was presented to the Queen of Italy upon her visit to Naples in 1889, specifically on account of the colour of its seasoning (tomato, mozzarella and basil), which are reminiscent of the colours of the Italian flag." But the Pizza Margherita already existed: "The most popular and famous pizzas from Naples were the ‘Marinara’, created in 1734, and the ‘Margherita’, which dates from 1796-1810. An often recounted story holds that on June 11, 1889, to honour the queen consort of Italy, Margherita of Savoy, the Neapolitan pizza maker Raffaele Esposito created the " Pizza Margherita", a pizza garnished with tomatoes, mozzarella, and basil, to represent the national colours of Italy as on the Flag of Italy. In 1843, Alexandre Dumas described the diversity of pizza toppings. ġ858 illustration of a pizzaiolo selling his wares It is said that the tomato reached the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily, at the time part of the Spanish Empire, through either Pedro Álvarez de Toledo in the 16th century or viceroy Manuel de Amat, who may have gifted some seeds to the Neapolitans in 1770 on behalf of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It was not until the Spanish brought the tomato from the Americas and developed the modern variation that Pizzas in their modern conception were invented. In 16th-century Naples, a galette flatbread was referred to as a pizza it was known as a dish for poor people, particularly as street food, and was not considered a kitchen recipe until much later. Also worth noting is that throughout Europe, there are many similar pies based on the idea of covering flat pastry with cheese, meat, vegetables and seasoning, such as the Alsatian flammkuchen, German zwiebelkuchen, and French quiche. įoods similar to flatbreads in other parts of the world include Chinese bing (a wheat flour-based Chinese food with a flattened or disk-like shape) the Indian paratha (in which fat is incorporated) the Central and South Asian naan (leavened) and roti (unleavened) the Sardinian carasau, spianata, guttiau, pistoccu and Finnish rieska. Other examples of flatbreads that survive to this day from the ancient Mediterranean world are focaccia (which may date back as far as the ancient Etruscans) Manakish in the Levant, coca (which has sweet and savory varieties) from Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands the Greek Pita Lepinja in the Balkans or Piadina in the Romagna part of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. Abba Eban writes, "some scholars think was first made more than 2,000 years ago when Roman soldiers added cheese and olive oil to matzah". Some commentators have suggested that the origins of modern pizza can be traced to pizzarelle, which were kosher for Passover cookies eaten by Roman Jews after returning from the synagogue on that holiday, though some also trace its origins to other Italian paschal bread. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the "tables" prophesied by Celaeno. In Book VII, Aeneas and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (like pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. 19 BC), when Celaeno, the Harpy queen, foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they were forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the Aeneid (c.πλακοῦντος – plakountos) which was flavored with toppings like herbs, onion, cheese and garlic. In Ancient Greece, citizens made a flatbread called plakous ( πλακοῦς, gen.In the 6th century BC, Persian soldiers serving under Darius the Great baked flatbreads with cheese and dates on top of their battle shields.
Records of people adding other ingredients to bread to make it more flavorful can be found throughout ancient history. Foods similar to pizza have been made since antiquity. According to Philippe Marinval, the local islanders leavened this bread. In Sardinia, French and Italian archaeologists have found bread baked over 7,000 years ago.
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